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The latest CPUs support all the latest instruction set extensions- MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, F16
Older CPUs might only support MMX, SSE, and SSE2.
These extensions improve performance for various things such as DSP and transcoding.
What extended Intel / AMD instructions does Mezzmo make use of, if any?
Mezzmo does not have specialized support of CPU instruction sets. Mezzmo v5.0 does have Intel Quick Sync hardware encoding support and this provide excellent transcoding speeds. Mezzmo uses FFmpeg for its audio/video transcoding and FFmpeg does have specialized support in their decoders/encoders for certain formats. It's best you check the FFmpeg forums to see exactly what formats and see how they match up with your collection of media files.
I see. Much of the "heavy lifting" in terms of transcoding is done in FFmpeg.
I was very interested to learn about the Intel Quick Sync feature. That seems to have been developed by Intel to support their built-in GPU stuff, but here it finds another use. That's quite interesting. It's kinda like Photoshop using the video card's CUDA processors to speed up filters, but in this case it's the "video card" that Intel built-in to certain CPUs.